Most people don’t give much thought to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) until it starts causing pain. This small joint connects the jawbone to the skull and acts like a sliding hinge whenever you open and close your mouth. When this joint is not functioning properly, it can cause pain in the cheeks, jaw, ears, and impact your overall jaw function. This is called TMJ disorder or TMD. Patients with TMD may experience chronic headaches, have popping or clicking in the jaw, and have difficulty eating.
Less severe cases of TMD can be treated with self-managed care, including eating soft foods during flare-ups, using cold compresses to reduce swelling, and avoiding extreme jaw movements. If these do not work, nonsurgical treatments for TMJ disorders include anti-inflammatory medications, Botox injections, and stabilization splints. Severe cases of TMD may require surgical procedures like jaw joint replacements.
Temporomandibular joint disorders typically fall onto one of these three categories:
- Myofascial pain – Discomfort or pain in the muscles that control the temporomandibular joint; this type of TMD is often a result of stress, teeth grinding, and jaw clenching.
- Internal derangement of the joint – This indicates that there may be a displaced disc, dislocated jaw, or injury to the condyle.
- Arthritis – Just as arthritis attacks other joints in the body, this degenerative inflammatory disorder can also attack the TMJ.
The most common signs and symptoms of TMJ disorders are as follows:
- Headaches
- Facial pain
- Tenderness in the cheek or jaw
- A feeling of fullness or pain in and around the ears
- Tightness in the jaw
- Popping or clicking sounds when opening the mouth
- Difficulty chewing
- Locking of the jaw
When you see a dentist for TMJ pain, we first try to identify the underlying cause for the disorder, as this will impact the treatments we use. In some cases, as with arthritis, we may coordinate treatment with another medical professional in order to provide you the best possible care.